Theft is one of the most common forms of arts and antiquities crime. Artworks and antiques are often stolen from museums, galleries, and private collections, either for personal use or for resale on the black market. This can involve breaking and entering, as well as more sophisticated thefts involving insider knowledge or the use of forgeries.

Governance and risk management are two critical aspects of organizational management that are designed to ensure that organizations operate in a responsible and ethical manner while minimizing the impact of potential risks.

Governance refers to the systems and processes by which an organization is directed and controlled. Effective governance requires clear policies and procedures, as well as oversight and accountability mechanisms to ensure that these policies are followed. Good governance also requires transparency and communication, both within the organization and with external stakeholders.

Sanctions are measures imposed by governments or international organizations against a country, organization, or individual in response to behavior deemed unacceptable or illegal. Sanctions can be economic, political, or diplomatic in nature and are intended to apply pressure in order to change the targeted entity's behavior.

Fraud refers to intentional deception or misrepresentation made for personal gain or to cause harm to others. Fraud can take many forms, including financial fraud, identity theft, insurance fraud, and healthcare fraud. It can be committed by individuals, organizations, or even governments.

Bribery and corruption refers to the practice of offering or accepting something of value, such as money or gifts, in exchange for influence or favors. Bribery and corruption can occur in any industry or sector, and can be committed by individuals, organizations, or even governments.

Terrorism financing refers to the practice of providing financial support or resources to individuals or groups engaged in terrorist activities. This support can come in many forms, including cash, goods, or services, and can be provided by individuals, organizations, or governments.

Anti-Money Laundering (AML) refers to a set of laws, regulations, and procedures designed to prevent criminals from disguising the proceeds of their illicit activities as legitimate income. Money laundering is a process that involves the conversion of "dirty" money, obtained through criminal activities such as drug trafficking, fraud, and corruption, into "clean" money that appears to have been obtained through legal means.

Compliance officers are responsible for ensuring that an organization adheres to relevant laws, regulations, and ethical standards. As such, compliance officers must possess strong ethical principles themselves to be effective in their roles. Ethics are a crucial requirement for compliance officers for several reasons.